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OSI-X400ops Working Group E. Stefferud
INTERNET DRAFT: A=IMX Network Management Associates, Inc.
April 1993
Assertion of C=US; A=IMX
Status of this Memo
This document provides information for the Internet community. It does
not specify an Internet standard. Distribution of this memo is
unlimited.
Abstract
This document establishes an Internet Based X.400 Administrative
Management Domain (ADMD) with the name "A=IMX", for use in the
United States of America (C=US), according to the applicable rules
of CCITT Recommendations and ISO Standards, and in keeping with
existing regulatory practices in the United States of America. It
also establishes a naming authority under the Internet Assigned
Numbers Authority (IANA) to register and openly publish Private
Management Domain (PRMD) names subordinate to A=IMX under C=US.
NOTE: Other countries may or may not take similar actions, at their
sovereign discretion. How C=US and other Internet based ADMD
operations in other countries should or should not be
coordinated is not addressed in this document.
NOTE: Any chosen C=US ADMD name is a matter of arbitrary choice as long
as it does not conflict with any other choice of ADMD name by
any other ADMD Service Provider operating in association with
C=US. (See APPENDIX A for more discussion of name selection.)
1. Introduction
X.400/ISO/IEC 10021 are the International Telegraph and Telephone
Consultative Committee (CCITT) identifier for a set of Message
Handling System (MHS) Recommendations [X.400] and the ISO/IEC
identifier for the matching ISO/IEC Standard [10021] which many
organizations in the Internet community wish to deploy for the
purpose of exchanging messages.
Working within X.400 specifications, this document establishes and
names the required Internet ADMD to meet X.400 infrastructure needs.
The X.400 Recommendations call for a specific naming and addressing
infrastructure consisting of Administrative Management Domain (ADMD)
entities within each sovereign Country (C), where each ADMD must
have an unambiguous name within a given country and where each ADMD
then becomes a naming authority for the registration of unambiguous
names of Private Management Domain (PRMD) entities, whose name
values are subordinate to the ADMD which serves as their PRMD naming
authority.
Stefferud [Page 1]
INTERNET DRAFT: A=IMX Assertion of C=US; A=IMX April 1993
In combination, the set of domain attributes, with their associated
name values, constitute tagged attribute=value pairs which can be
used to form ORAddresses (e.g., C=US; A=IMX; P=SOME-NAME; O=COMPANY;
OU=Sales) [X.411, Figure 2, Part 30 of 41].
This document, is only concerned with ADMD and PRMD levels. All
levels below PRMD are a local matter within each PRMD.
2. X.400 Requirements on ADMD and PRMD Names
ADMD and PRMD Name values are limited by the X.400 Recommendations
to a maximum length of 16 PrintableString characters [X.411, Figure
B-1 (Part 2 of 3)]. Case, multiple white space characters, and
leading or trailing white spaces are all non-distinguishing for
purposes of matching [F.401, Section 5.3].
The PrintableString character set is essentially US-ASCII without:
@ atsign
! exclamation point (bang)
% percent sign
_ underscore
" double quote
Specifically, PrintableString is a subset of International Alphabet
Number 5 (IA5), shown in this table copied from [X.208, Table 5].
______________________________
Name Graphic
______________________________
Capital letters A,B,...Z
Small letters a,b,...z
Digits 0,1,...9
Space (space)
Apostrophe '
Left parentheses (
Right parentheses )
Plus sign +
Comma ,
Hyphen -
Full stop .
Solidus /
Colon :
Equal sign =
Question mark ?
______________________________
Source: CCITT X.208, Table 5
Stefferud [Page 2]
INTERNET DRAFT: A=IMX Assertion of C=US; A=IMX April 1993
3. Relationship to Domain Name System (DNS)
The X.400 naming scheme has certain similarities to the Internet
Domain Naming System (DNS) [DNS], which is also global and
hierarchical with distribution of naming authority to entities at
each subordinate level in the naming tree. Many thousands of names
have already been registered in the DNS. The DNS coincidentally
uses the same international register of country codes (ISO 3166
two-character codes) for its top level names (e.g,. US and GB),
except that the DNS also includes UK for interesting historical
reasons, and includes some three character top level domain names.
Currently, these are COM, EDU, GOV, INT, MIL, NET, and ORG.
It is not known whether or not additional three character top level
names will be added to the DNS. It is known that additional two
character country codes will be added to ISO 3166 and to the DNS.
DNS names are limited to 64 characters of USASCII letters (A-Z),
digits (0-9), hyphen (-) and dot (.), with dot restricted to use as
a constructive delimiter between concatenated names from ascending
DNS levels. Case is non-distinguishing for purposes of matching.
Embedded white space is not allowed. Leading and trailing white
space is ignored for purposes of matching.
4. Name of the C=US Internet ADMD
The name of the C=US Internet ADMD is "IMX".
5. PRMD Names in C=US; A=IMX
PRMD Name Registration is accomplished by overt application to the
IANA registration agent by the registrant. A registration form will
be supplied by the IANA registration agent. All IANA registered
PRMD names will be openly published by the IANA for public access.
To align with CCITT X.402 and ISO/IEC 10021-2, the IANA registrar
shall not register the name values of "single-space" [X.402, Section
18.3.1] or a single zero (0). [CCITT-MHS, Section 3.2.3]
All IANA registered PRMD names are assumed to be the rightful
intellectual property of the registration applicant, but may be
subject to legal challenge of the applicant's right to use the name
at any time. The IANA takes no position with regard to the legal
"right to use" of any registered name, and leaves resolution of any
challenge to the challenge parties, which may or may not involve
litigation. In the event of challenge to any registered PRMD name,
the IANA only records in its register the result of whatever
resolution may occur, upon notification of the resolution by the
registrant or by some other authority with proper jurisdiction.
Stefferud [Page 3]
INTERNET DRAFT: A=IMX Assertion of C=US; A=IMX April 1993
6. Sources of PRMD Registered Names
PRMD names registered by the IANA under A=IMX are drawn from:
(1) DNS names already registered in the DNS naming tree, which
do not exceed the X.400 limit of 16 characters, or
(2) any other name that is guaranteed not to conflict with
any other IANA registered PRMD name under C=US; A=IMX,
or any current or possible future DNS name.
Examples of (1) are:
P=nma.com; P=; P=nic.ddn.mil; P=nsf.gov; P=sintef.no
NOTE: For example, P=cnri.reston.va.us contains 17 characters and
thus is not permitted by X.400 to be used as a PRMD name.
NOTE: There is no reason to disallow C=US; A=IMX; P=sintef.no if
sintef.no wishes to so register. Thus it is not proscribed.
The key requirement is that a PRMD name must be an unambiguous
string of permitted characters uniquely registered to a single owner
under the registering ADMD, so any existing DNS name with 16 or
fewer characters under any DNS top level domain may be used as a
PRMD name in C=US; A=IMX because all such DNS names are already
unambiguous and uniquely assigned to registrants by the IANA in the
Internet DNS, and they only contain allowed characters.
This is a secondary use of a DNS name. If a name is ever removed
from the DNS for any reason, then it must also be removed from the
IANA PRMD name register, if it is so registered. DNS names are not
automatically registered as PRMD names.
Examples of (2) are:
P=ESnet; P=NASA; P=Boeing Seattle; P=XYZZY; P=CALTRANS
All such names must not conflict with any possible current or future
DNS name that may or may not ever be registered.
7. Proscribed PRMD Names
The following PRMD Names are proscribed, in accordance with the
rules given in Section 6 above:
(1) Any PRMD name that is also registered in the DNS, unless it is
registered in the DNS by the same registration applicant.
Stefferud [Page 4]
INTERNET DRAFT: A=IMX Assertion of C=US; A=IMX April 1993
(2) Any PRMD name that ends in a dot (.) followed by any 3
characters of the kind allowed in DNS top-level domain names,
unless also registered in the DNS by the same registration
applicant.
(3) Any PRMD name that ends in a dot (.) followed by any two
characters of the kind allowed in DNS top level domain names,
unless also registered in the DNS by the same registration
applicant.
8. Operation of C=US; A=IMX
Operating rules for elements of the X.400 Mail Transfer System
(MTS) in the Internet are not addressed in this document.
The rules for interconnection of A=IMX with PRMDs other ADMDs are
not addressed in this document.
9. Security Considerations
This document does not address any aspect of security. It neither
exacerbates nor reduces any security problems or risks that are
already inherent in X.400 technologies or deployed systems.
10. References
[X.208] CCITT Recommendation X.208, 1988,
Specification of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)
[X.400] CCITT Recommendation X.400, 1988,
Message Handling System and Service Overview.
[10021] ISO/IEC 10021-1, 1988, Information Processing Systems --
Text Communication -- MOTIS -- System and Service
Overview.
[F.401] CCITT Recommendation F.400, 1988,
Naming and Addressing for Public Message handling Services.
[X.402] CCITT Recommendation X.402, 1988,
Message Handling Systems: Overall Architecture.
ISO/IEC 10021-2, 1988, Information Processing Systems --
Text Communication -- MOTIS -- Overall Architecture,
Stefferud [Page 5]
INTERNET DRAFT: A=IMX Assertion of C=US; A=IMX April 1993
[X.411] CCITT Recommendation X.411, 1988,
Message Handling Systems: Message Transfer System:
Abstract Service Definition and Procedures.
ISO/IEC 10021-4, 1988, Information Processing Systems --
Text Communication -- MOTIS -- Message Transfer System:
Abstract Service Definition and Procedures.
[MHS] CCITT MHS, March 1992, Implementors' Guide, Version 8 [1988]
[ASCII] Coded Character Set--7-Bit American Standard Code
for Information Interchange, ANSI X3.4-1986.
[DNS] Paul V. Mockapetris. Domain Names -- Concepts and
Facilities. Request for Comments 1034, DDN Network
Information Center, SRI International, November 1987.
11. Author's Address
Einar A. Stefferud Telephone: +1 714 842 3711
Network Management Associates, Inc. Facsimile: +1 714 848 2091
10301 Drey Lane Internet: Stef@nma.com
Huntington Beach, CA 92647-5615, USA
Stefferud [Page 6]
INTERNET DRAFT: A=IMX Assertion of C=US; A=IMX April 1993
Appendix: Discussion of ADMD name value chosen for C=US portion of the
global Internet
NOTE: If and when this RFC is finally published as an Informational
RFC, this Appendix may be removed
DISCUSSION:
The name value of "A=IMX" has been arbitrarily chosen because it is
short and suggests the idea of mail exchange, but it is not an
acronym for any specific set of words. It is just an easily
remembered, easily typed set of characters without any assigned
meaning.
It is required to obtain consensus for this choice of name from the
IETF, the IAB, and the Internet Society and then the right to legal
use of the name must be established in the United States of America.
Prior versions of this document have attempted to use other names,
but each was found to be troublesome in some serious way.
Choosing a name for something like an ADMD is a political issue, and
requires consideration of the rights of others to use the chosen
name.
In the Internet, it is not yet clear who should act to secure legal
rights to the use of a selected name.
This document has been developed to lay the technical groundwork
without getting hung up on the political/legal/administrative issues
of name establishment.
With adoption of this document as the working basis for C=US ADMD
and PRMD name registration, we should next be able to progress on to
legal action to secure the right to use the chosen name.
<Single-Space> is not available for Internet use in C=US, in that it
is reserved by the [CCITT X.400 | ISO MOTIS] [Recommendations |
Standards] for the name of a virtual ADMD that is to be approved by
some National Body in C=US. That National Body appears to be the
FCC. This issue is of no concern to the IETF, IAB, or ISOC as long
as we do not attempt to use the proscribed name.
We should not seek approval of any C=US National Body in the
establishment of an Internet ADMD in C=US. No other ADMD has sought
nor obtained any such approval, and thus the precedent has been set
for the C=US Internet community to self assert its ADMD status.
All other ADMD Service Providers have unilaterally established the
ADMD names they are using, without asking permission from anyone,
but also with care taken to avoid collision with a name chosen by
any other C=US ADMD.
Stefferud [Page 7]